Contemporaries were amused by the outsize statue of himself he had placed in the temple of the Muses (Plin. 11) and that he did not tolerate insults to himself (Rhet. Anecdotes suggest that Accius believed that literary talent demanded in its context more respect than nobility of birth (see the story about C. In Rome he had friendly relations with D. *Thucydides (2) mentions settlements at Alyzeia, Astacus, Coronta, Limnaea, Medion, *Oeniadae, Palaerus, Phytia (Phoetiae), and Stratus, some of which were surely fortified poleis (Oeniadae, Stratus, Astacus, Palaerus). bce when *Corinth settled Anactorium, Sollium, and Leucas and when (soon thereafter?) *Cephallenia settled Astacus. Significant Greek influence began during the 7th cent. Homer seems ignorant of the region except as a part of the shadowy ‘mainland’ inside *Ithaca, although names like Melite and Marathus may point to *Phoenician seafarers using this coast for shelter on their westward voyages. The district is divided into three main regions: (1) a rugged coast with small bays and small alluvial plains,(2) a mountainous interior range that parallels the coast from north-west to south-east, and(3) small plains between the mountains and the Acheloüs river to the east.Although Neolithic, early Helladic, and late Helladic remains have been located near Astacus and elsewhere, evidence for widespread prehistoric settlement is lacking. Therefore, Soranus stated that it was safer to prevent pregnancy than to perform an abortion (Gyn 1.Īcarnania, a district of NW Greece, bounded by the Lonian Sea, the gulf of Ambracia, and the *Acheloüs river.

This technique for early-stage abortion was preferable to termination caused by pharmaceutical preparations and surgical intervention, which could cause harm to the mother. After the seventh leap, the fetus dropped from her body. She was told to expel the seed by jumping up and down so her heels touched her buttocks. In explaining this, Soranus (Gyn 1.60) repeats a story told in the Hippocratic work (see hippocrates) Nature of the Child (13, L7.488–490 late 5th bce) about a dancing girl thought to be six days pregnant. In contrast, others defined an expulsive strictly as shaking and leaping to dislodge the fetus from the womb. Some thought it was synonymous with an abortive because both resulted in the termination of a pregnancy. According to Soranus (1st/2nd century ce) an abortive was “that which destroys what has been conceived” a contraceptive (atokion) was something that prevents conception, and an expulsive (ekbolion) could be defined in two ways (Gyn 1.59–65). There are different possible reconstructions of how calculations were carried out on the ancient Greek or Roman abacus, which would seem to indicate that different procedures were also in use in antiquity In general, with addition, the totals of the columns were carried to the left, as in ordinary 21st-century addition.Ĭomplex perceptions existed about abortion in the ancient world, indicated by different medical definitions of what constituted an abortive, contraceptive, and expulsive. (Figure 2).The extant flat, large counting boards have been found in the Greek-speaking part of the Mediterranean, whereas the small bronze abaci appear to originate in the Roman world, and are engraved with Roman numerals. The Salamis abacus is an example of a type of flat, large counting board, made of stone, of which more than twenty have survived from antiquity (Figure 1).There are also significantly fewer examples of small, bronze abacus. The Greeks and Romans alike used a board with vertical columns, on which (working from right to left) units, tens, and hundreds or (where money was in question) units of currency, for instance the Attic signs for ⅛ obol, ¼ obol, ½ obol, 1 obol, drachma and so on, could be inscribed.

An abacus (ἄβαξ, ἀβάκιον), a counting board, was the usual aid to reckoning in antiquity.

Course hero c269 task3